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American
Cherry
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood is light to dark reddish brown, lustrous; sapwood is light brown to pale with a light pinkish tone.Some flooring manufacturers steam lumer to bleed the darker heartwood color into the sapwood, resulting in a more uniform color. Color darkens.
Grain: Fine, frequently wavy, uniform texture. Distinctive flake pattern on true quartersawn surfaces. Texture is satiny, with some gum pockets.
Variations Within Species and Grades: Significant color variation between boards.
Hardness / Janka: 950; 26% softer than Northern Red Oak
Australian Cypress
Origin: Australia
Color: Cream-colored sapwood; heartwood is honey-gold to brown with darker knots throughout.
Grain: Closed.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1375; 7% harder than Northern red oak.
Ash
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood is light tan to dark brown; sapwood is creamy white. Similar in appearance to white oak, but frequently more yellow.
Grain: Bold, straight, moderately open grain with occasional wavy figuring. Can have strong contrast in grain in plainsawn boards.
Hardness/Janka: 1320; 2% harder than Northern red oak.
Bamboo
Origin: Asia
Color: Typically available in light (manila/yellow tones) or dark (tannish brown) shades. Colors vary between manufacturers.
Grain: Distinctive grain pattern shows nodes from the bamboo stalks.
Hardness/Janka: Bamboo is a grass. Janka values vary widely between various manufacturers & between horizontal & vertical construction.
Beech
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood is mostly reddish brown; sapwood is generally pale white.
Grain: Mostly closed, straight grain; fine, uniform texture. Coarser than European beech.
Hardness/Janka: Janka Hardness: 1300; 1% harder than Northern red oak.
Birch
Origin: North America
Color: In yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis), sapwood is creamy yellow pale while; heartwood is light reddish brown tinged with red. In sweet birch (B. lenta), sapwood is light colored and heartwood is dark brown tinged with red.
Grain: Medium figuring, straight, closed grain, even texture. Occasional curly grain or wavy figure in some boards.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1260 (yellow); 2% softer than Northern red oak.
Black Walnut
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood ranges from a deep, rich dark brown to a purplish black. Sapwood is nearly white to tan. Difference between heartwood and sapwood color is great; some flooring manufacturers steam lumber to bleed the darker heartwood color into the sapwood.
Grain: Mostly straight and open, but some boards have burled or curly grain. Arrangements of pores is similar to hickories and persimmon, but pores are smaller in size.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 1010; (22% softer than Northern red oak).
Brazilian Cherry
Origin: South America
Color: Sapwood is gray-white; heartwood is salmon red to orange-brown when fresh, and becomes russet or reddish brown when seasoned; often marked with dark streaks.
Grain: Mostly interlocked; texture is medium to rather coarse. Hardness/Janka: Janka:2820; 119% harder than Northern red oak.
Brazilian Maple
Origin: South America
Color: Pale cream to yellow cream; no contrast between sapwood and heartwood.
Grain: Straight, fine, uniform.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 1500 (16% harder than Northern Red Oak)
Brazilian Walnut
Origin: South America
Color: Can vary from light yellowish tan with green overtones to almost blackish brown; exhibits a large range of coloration when freshly milled; darkens over time to medium to dark brown.
Grain: Fine to medium, straight to very irregular.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:3680; (185% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Bubinga
Origin: Africa
Color: Pink, red or red/brown with purple streaks or veins; changes from pinkish rose when freshly milled to burgandy red when aged.
Grain: Fine; straight or interlocked, can ge highly figured.
Cork
Origin: Spain & Portugal
Color: Varies from light to dark; many colors available depending on manufacturer.
Grain: Distinctive look unlike wood - cork is actually the bark of a type of oak.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: Varies
Cumaru
Origin: South America
Color: At first, red-brown or purple-brown with light yellow-brown or purple streaks, after exposure uniform light brown or yellow-brown.
Grain: Fine texture, interlocked, waxy or oily feel.
Hardness/Janka: 3540; 174% harder than Northern red oak.
Douglas Fir
Origin: North America
Color: Heatwood is yeloowish tan to light brown. Sapwood is tan to white. Heartwood may be confused with that of Southern Yellow Pine. Radical color change upon exposure to sunlight.
Grain: Normally straight, with occasional wavy or spiral texture. Nearly all fir flooring is vertical-grain or riftsawn clear-grain material.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 660; (49% softer than Northern Red Oak)
Heart Pine
Origin: North America. Often recovered from structural timers in pre-1900 warehouses & factories, or as sunken logs from river bottoms.
Color: Heartwood is yellow after cutting & turns deep pinkish tan to warm reddish brown within weeks due to high resin content. Sapwood remains yellow, with occasional blue-black sap stain.
Grain: Dense, with high figuring. Plainsawn is swirled; rift- or quartersawn is primarily pinstriped. Curly or burl grain is rare. Hardness/Janka: Janka:1225; (5% softer than Northern red oak).
Hickory Pecan
Origin: North America
Color: Pecan heartwood is reddish brown with dark brown stripes; sapwood is white or creamy white with pinkish tones. Hickory heartwood is tan or reddish; sapwood is white to cream, with fine brown lines.
Grain: Pecan is open, occasionally wavy or irregular. Hickory is closed, with moderate definition; somewhat rough-textured.
Hardness/janka: Janka: 1820; (41% harder than Northern Red Oak). Pecan is slightly softer than true hickories.
Jarrah
Origin: Australia
Color: Heartwood is uniformly pinkish to dark red, often a rich, dark red mahogany hue, turning a deep brownish red with age and exposure; sapwood is pale. Frequent black streaks with occasional ingrown grain.
Grain: Frequently interlocked or wavy. Texture is even and moderately coarse.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1910; (48% harder than Northern red oak).
Maple Hard
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood is creamy white to light reddish brown; sapwood is pale to creamy white.
Grain: Closed, subdued grain, with medium figuring and uniform texture. Occasionally shows quilted, fiddleback, curly or bird's-eye figuring. Figured boards often culled during grading and sold at a premium.
hardness/Janka: Janka: 1450; (12% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Merbeau
Origin: Southeast Asia
Color: Heartwood is yellowish to orange-brown when freshly cut, turning brown or dark red- brown upon exposure.
Grain: Straight to interlocked or wavy; coarse texture.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1925; (49% harder than Northern red oak).
Mesquite
Origin: North America
Color: Light brown to dark reddish brown.
Grain: High in character, with ingrown bark and mineral streaks.Most commonly used in flooring as end-grain block, which has small irregular cracks radiating across the grain.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 2345; (82% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Pudauk
Origin: Africa
Color: Heartwood is vivid reddish orange when freshly cut, darkening to reddish- or purple- brown or black over time. Sapwood is cream-colored. Very uniform in color.
Grain: Straight to interlocked; coarse texture.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1725; (34% harder than Northern red oak).
Purpleheart
Origin: Mexico, Central and South America
Color: Heartwood is brown when freshly cut, turning deep purple to purplish brown over time. Sapwood is a lighter cream color.
Grain: Usually traight; medium to fine texture. Presence of minerals in some boards may cause uneven coloration.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 2890, (124% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Red Oak
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood and sapwood are similar, with sapwood lighter in color; most pieces have a reddish tone. Slightly redder than white oak.
Grain: Open, slightly coarser (more porous) than white oak. Plainsawn boards have a plumed or flared grain appearance; riftsawn has a tighter grain pattern, low figuring; quartersawn has a flake pattern, sometimes called tiger rays or butterflies.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1290 Northern (benchmark). Southern: 1060; 18% softer than Northern red oak.
Santos Mahogany
Origin: South America
Color: Dark reddish brown.
Gran: Striped figuring in quartersawn selections; texture is even and very fine.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 2200; (71% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Sapele
Origin: Africa
Color: Medium to dark red-brown; darkens over time.
Grain: Fine, interlocked.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 1500 (16% harder than Northern red oak).
Southern Yellow Pine
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood varies from light yellow/orange to reddish brown or yellowish brown; sapwood is light tan to yellowish shite.
Grain: Closed, wigh high figuring; patterns range from clear to knotty.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: Loblolly and shortleaf 690, 47% softer than Northern Red Oak; longleaf 870, 33% softer than Northern Red Oak.
Spotten Gum
Origin: Australia
Color: Heartwood is light to dark brown, sapwood is pale and may be as wide as 3.12 inches (8cm).
Grain: Interlocked, moderately coarse. Frequent presence of wavy grain produces "fiddleback" grain. Slightly greasy; gum veins are common.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 2473 (92% harder than Northern red oak).
Sydney Blue Gum
Origin: Australia
Color: Wide range from pinks to burgundy reds; regrowth timber may be a pale straw color with pink highlights. Colors mute over time and darken to a medium brown-red.
Grain: Tight
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 2023; (57% harder than Northern Red Oak).
Tasmanian Oak
Origin: Australia
Color: Pale straw with occasional pinkish high-lights, tan colors, some medium gray/brown colors; over time overall color variation is muted with an ambering of the straw colors to darker tan.
Grain: All riftsawn.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 1350 (5% harder than Northern red oak).
Teak
Origin: Asia
Color: Heartwood varies from yellow-brown to dark golden brown; turns rich brown under exposure to sunlight. Sapwood is a lighter cream color.
Grain: Straight; coarse, uneven texture.
Hardness;Janka: Janka: Average of 1000; (16% softer than Northern Red Oak).
Wenge
Origin: Africa
Color: Heartwood is yellow-brown when freshly cut, turning dark-brown to almost black with alternate layers of light and dark. Sapwood is yellowish-white and clearly demarcated from heartwood.
Grain: Straight when quartersawn; coarse texture.
Hardness/Janka: Janka:1630; (26% harder than Northern red oak).
White Oak
Origin: North America
Color: Heartwood is light brown; some boards may have a pinkish tint or a slight grayish cast. Sapwood is white to cream.
Grain: Open, with longer rays than red oak. Occasional crotches, swirls and burls. Plainsawn boards have a plumed or flared grain appearance; riftsawn has a tighter grain pattern, low figuring; quartersawn has a flake pattern, sometimes called tiger rays or butt.
Hardness/Janka: Janka: 1210 (6% softer than Northern red oak).